Futuristic Tech

Artificial Intelligence -- Neural Language Processing Natural Language Processing (NLP) refers to AI method of communicating with an intelligent systems using a natural language such as English. Processing of Natural Language is required when you want an intelligent system like robot to perform as per your instructions, when you want to hear decision from a dialogue based clinical expert system, etc. The field of NLP involves making computers to perform useful tasks with the natural languages humans use. The input and output of an NLP system can be − Speech Written Text Components of NLP There are two components of NLP as given − NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING (NLU) Understanding involves the following tasks − Mapping the given input in natural language into useful representations. Analyzing different aspects of the language. NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION (NLG) It is the process of producing meaningful phrases...

Artificial Intelligence Short History Thinking machines and artificial beings appear in Greek myths, such as Talos of Crete, the bronze robot of Hephaestus, and Pygmalion's Galatea. Human likenesses believed to have intelligence were built in every major civilization: animated cult images were worshiped in Egypt and Greece and humanoid automatons were built by Yan Shi, Hero of Alexandria and Al-Jazari. It was also widely believed that artificial beings had been created by Jābir ibn Hayyān, Judah Loew and Paracelsus. By the 19th and 20th centuries, artificial beings had become a common feature in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel Čapek's R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). Pamela McCorduck argues that all of these are some examples of an ancient urge, as she describes it, "to forge the gods". Stories of these creatures and their fates discuss many of the same hopes, fears and ethical concerns that are presented by artifi...

Artificial Intelligence --Terminology Here is the list of frequently used terms in the domain of AI − Sr. No Term & Meaning 1 Agent Agents are systems or software programs capable of autonomous, purposeful and reasoning directed towards one or more goals. They are also called assistants, brokers, bots, droids, intelligent agents, and software agents. 2 Autonomous Robot Robot free from external control or influence and able to control itself independently. 3 Backward Chaining Strategy of working backward for Reason/Cause of a problem. 4 Blackboard It is the memory inside computer, which is used for communication between the cooperating expert systems. 5 Environment It is the part of real or computational world inhabited by the agent. 6 Forward Chaining Strategy of working forward for conclusion/solution of a problem. 7 Heuristics It is the knowledge based on Trial-and-error, evaluations, and experimentation. 8 Knowledge Engin...

Artificial Intelligence --  Issues AI is developing with such an incredible speed, sometimes it seems magical. There is an opinion among researchers and developers that AI could grow so immensely strong that it would be difficult for humans to control. Humans developed AI systems by introducing into them every possible intelligence they could, for which the humans themselves now seem threatened. Threat to Privacy An AI program that recognizes speech and understands natural language is theoretically capable of understanding each conversation on e-mails and telephones. Threat to Human Dignity AI systems have already started replacing the human beings in few industries. It should not replace people in the sectors where they are holding dignified positions which are pertaining to ethics such as nursing, surgeon, judge, police officer, etc. Threat to Safety The self-improving AI systems can become so mighty than humans...

Artificial Intelligence -- Agents and environment An AI system is composed of an agent and its environment. The agents act in their environment. The environment may contain other agents. What are Agent and Environment? An  agent  is anything that can perceive its environment through  sensors  and acts upon that environment through  effectors. A  human agent  has sensory organs such as eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin parallel to the sensors, and other organs such as hands, legs, mouth, for effectors. A  robotic agent  replaces cameras and infrared range finders for the sensors, and various motors and actuators for effectors. A  software agent  has encoded bit strings as its programs and actions. Agent Terminology Performance Measure of Agent  − It is the criteria, which determines how successful an agent is. Behavior of Agent  − It is the action that agent ...

Artificial Intelligence --  overview Since the invention of computers or machines, their capability to perform various tasks went on growing exponentially. Humans have developed the power of computer systems in terms of their diverse working domains, their increasing speed, and reducing size with respect to time. A branch of Computer Science named  Artificial Intelligence pursues creating the computers or machines as intelligent as human beings. What is Artificial Intelligence? According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is  “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”. Artificial Intelligence is a way of  making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently , in the similar manner the intelligent humans think. AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide, and work while ...